Journal of Scientific Research and Studies will only accept manuscripts submitted as e-mail attachments.

Manuscript(s) Arrangement

The manuscript(s) should be double-spaced, with a minimum of 2.5 cm margins on all sides, and arranged as follows: Title, Affiliation, Abstract, Key words, Text, Acknowledgments, Literature cited, Appendix, Tables, Figure legends and Figures. There is no restriction on the length of research papers and reviews, although authors are encouraged to be concise.

Title

The title of the manuscript should be brief (but informative enough to facilitate information retrieval), given preferably in single line; and a suggested running title should also be provided. Should the title contains reference to plant(s) or organism(s), taxonomic affiliation of the plant(s) or organism(s) should be given in parentheses [For example, Juniperuscommunis L. (Cupressaceae, Gymnosperm) or Fauchealaciniata (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta)]

Names of Author(s)

The name(s) of author(s) should be listed below the title and the corresponding author should be indicated with asterisk (*). Also, the corresponding author MUST provide his email address and fax (if available).

Authors’ Affiliation(s)

The Affiliation(s) of all author(s) should be given clearly and briefly with their institutions, addresses with zip code and name of country.

Abstract

The abstract should be brief, indicating the purpose/significance of the research, methodology adopted, major findings and the most significant conclusion(s). Scientific names should be spelled in italics. The abstract should not contain literature citations that refer to the main list of references attached to the complete article. The abstract should be written as a single paragraph and should be in reported speech format (past tense); complete sentences, active verbs, and the third person should be used. The abstract should not be more than 250 words.

Key words

The authors must provide 3-8 key words for indexing purposes and to facilitate the retrieval of articles by search engines. Key words provided should be different from the words that make up the title of the article.

Text

 The text should be typed in single column, double space and justified. Should there be abbreviation(s) in the text, full term for which the abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the text unless it is a standard unit of measurement. Also scientific names should be spelled in italics throughout text. The full term for which an abbreviation of a scientific name stands should also precede its first use in the text. Thereafter, generic names should be abbreviated as appropriate without altering the species name. The text should be subdivided into the following sections:

Introduction

Introduction should be clear and concise, with relevant references to the nature of the problem under investigation as well as its background. There should be no sub-headings. Excessive citations of literature (especially to support well known statements) and discussions marginally relevant to the paper; together with other information that adds length but little significance to the research, should be avoided. Only necessary and latest citations of literature that are required to indicate the reason for the research undertaken and the essential background should be given.

Materials and Methods

Descriptions of experiment(s) should be sufficiently detailed to enable scientist in that field of study to replicate them. Should the study site description serve as complementary to the research, it should be included as a sub-heading within this section. A precise description of the selection of your observational or experimental subjects (for example, patients or laboratory animals including controls) must be presented. Experimental research involving human or animals should have been approved by author's institutional review board or ethics committee. This information can be mentioned in the manuscript including the name of the board/committee that gave the approval. The use of animals in experiments will have observed the Interdisciplinary Principles and Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research, Testing, and Education. All chemicals and drugs used must be identified correctly, including their generic names, the name of the manufacturer, city and country in parenthesis. The techniques and methodology adopted should be supported with standard references. Briefly describe methods that have been published but are not well known as well as new or substantially modified methods. Descriptions of established procedures are unnecessary. Apparatus should be described only if it is non-standard; commercially available apparatus used should be stated (including manufacturer’s name and address in parenthesis). Only International System (SI) units should be used for all measurements.

Results and Discussion

The results may be presented first, followed by a discussion of their significance. When presented in this format, it should be presented in logical sequence. Data emerging from the study should be included, arranged in unified and coherent sequence(s) and should be statistically analyzed. Only strictly relevant results should be presented; and figures, tables, and equations should be used for purposes of clarity and brevity. The same data should not be presented both in tabular and graphic forms. Results and Discussion may also be presented together. The discussion should state the implications of the findings and their limitations as well as the conclusion(s) drawn. It should relate the observations to previously published related studies and should be supported by relevant references. Long confused and irrelevant discussion should be avoided. Conclusions should not summarize information already present in the text or abstract. Recommendations, when appropriate, may be included.

Review article(s) should not contain methodology and/or results sections since there is neither any study to describe nor data to be analyzed. The format is as follows: Abstract, 3-8 key words, Introduction, Relevant section headings, Conclusion and References.

Acknowledgement (Optional)

The Acknowledgement should include the names of those who contributed substantially to the work described in the manuscript but do not fulfill the requirements for the authorship. It should also include name(s) of sponsor(s)/funding agency of the research.

References

The list of references should conform to the conventions specified in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) (6th ed.) style: Short reference system for citations in the text, accompanied by a detailed alphabetical list below the “Acknowledgement” section. Single author reference should be cited thus: Goshen, 2012; should there be more than two authors, surname of the first author followed by et al., and the year should be cited in the text, for example, Smith et al., 2012; should the sources include just two authors; it should be cited thus: Goshen and Smith, 2012. Include among the references, manuscripts accepted but not yet published; designate the journal followed by "in press" (in parenthesis). When referencing website, please include the full title and accessed date. In the list of references at the end of the paper, full and complete references should be given in the following style, with punctuation arranged alphabetically by first author's surname:

Paper in a Journal

Karis PO (1993). Heliantheaesensulato  (Asteraceae), Clades and classification. Plant Syst. Evol. 188:139-195.

Drewes FE and Van Staden J (1995). Aspects of the extraction and purification of solasodine from  Solanumaculeastrum. Phytochem. Anal. 6(4):203-206.

Aketo O, Afendi M, Altaf-UI-Amin M, Hiroki T, Kensuke N and Shigehilo K (2010). Metabolomics of medicinal plants: The importance of multivariate analysis of Analytical Chemistry data. Comp. Aided Drug Design 6:179-196.   

Book

Funk VA, Susanna A, Stuessy TF and Bayer RJ (2009). Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (Eds.), Vienna, 777 p.

Chapter in a Book

Pelser PB and Watson LE (2009). Introduction to Asteroideae. In: Funk VA, Susanna A, Stuessy TF and Bayer RJ (Eds.). Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. Int. Assoc. Plant Taxon. Vienna, Pp. 495-502.

Electronic source

WHO, FAO (2004). Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition. 2nd edn, World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hong Kong. Retrieved on August 11, 2011. Available online: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241546123.pdf.

References in languages other than English MUST be referred to by an English translation.

Tables and Figures

All tables and figures must be relevant and necessary; the same data should not be presented in tables and figures, and do not use short tables for information that can be easily presented using text. Tables and figures should be numbered sequentially, for example, Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and so on.